Eyes that noticeably show the whites around most of the iris during a state of rest. Can also indicate anger, exhaustion, or a dangerous demeanor. Sometimes referred to as "Dead fish eyes" among Western speakers.
The Japanese expression literally translates to "three white" as in the whites of the eyes being visible to three of four sides of the iris when the person with sanpaku eyes is looking straight ahead or when their eyes are at rest.
The most extreme form is called shihakugan, meaning "four-white eyes".